Category: Events

  • NEISSR Conducts Awareness Programmes on Anti-Ragging and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan

    North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR), Peace Centre, 7th Mile, Chümoukedima, organized two significant awareness programmes on 15th May 2026 focusing on Anti-Ragging Awareness and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (NMBA) as part of its continued commitment towards promoting a safe, peaceful, disciplined, and student-friendly campus environment.

    The Anti-Ragging Awareness Programme was organized by the IQAC Cell, NEISSR. The programme was moderated by Ms. Asela K Sangtam, while the invocation prayer was led by Sr. Pansuri Soren. The welcome address was delivered by Ms. Aziya K Yimchunger.

    Delivering the resource speech, Mr. Vizosü Kikhi, Assistant Professor, NEISSR, spoke extensively on the meaning, forms, impact, and legal consequences of ragging. He highlighted that ragging in any form—whether physical, verbal, psychological, social, or online—seriously affects the dignity, emotional well-being, confidence, and academic life of students. Referring to the “UGC Regulations on Curbing the Menace of Ragging in Higher Educational Institutions, 2009,” he explained the disciplinary and legal actions that may be initiated against individuals found involved in ragging activities.

    The speaker further emphasized that NEISSR has maintained a peaceful, inclusive, and friendly campus atmosphere where no incidents of ragging have been reported so far. He attributed this to the institution’s culture of mutual respect, healthy student-teacher relationships, continuous awareness initiatives, and strong grievance redressal mechanisms. Stressing the importance of positive senior-junior relationships, he encouraged seniors to act as mentors, guides, and role models for juniors and freshers, thereby fostering unity, respect, and harmony within the campus community.

    Earlier in the day, the NSS Unit of NEISSR organized a programme on Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan along with a pledge-taking ceremony. The programme was chaired by Ms. Sorekhumla T. Yimchunger, and the invocation prayer was led by Mr. Langkhang S.

    The special speaker, Dr. Barnic Rajianlung Gangmei, Assistant Professor, NEISSR, delivered an insightful address on the significance of the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan, a nationwide campaign launched by the Government of India on 15th August 2020 to combat substance abuse and promote a healthier society. He explained the distinction between drugs and medicine and elaborated on the harmful impact of substance abuse on individuals, families, educational institutions, and society at large.

    Dr. Gangmei observed that substance abuse has emerged as one of the major social challenges affecting contemporary society and emphasized the need for collective responsibility, awareness, and active community participation in addressing the issue. Sharing personal experiences and observations, he encouraged participants to remain vigilant and cautious, noting that addiction often begins with seemingly minor habits and gradually develops into serious dependency.

    The pledge-taking ceremony was conducted by Ms. Aziya K. Yimchunger, where participants pledged their commitment towards supporting the vision of a drug-free society and upholding social responsibility against substance abuse.

    Both programmes witnessed active participation from students and faculty members and concluded successfully with a renewed commitment towards promoting discipline, awareness, peace, inclusiveness, and social responsibility. The initiatives reaffirmed NEISSR’s dedication to nurturing a healthy academic environment and responsible citizenship among students.

  • Awareness Programme on Solid Waste Management Organized at NEISSR

    North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research, through its Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC), successfully organized an Awareness Programme on Solid Waste Management on 11th May 2026 at BAM Hall, NEISSR, at 9:00 AM. The programme was conducted with the objective of creating awareness on proper waste management practices, environmental cleanliness, and sustainable living.

    The Resource Person, Dr. Lily Sangpui, Assistant Professor, NEISSR, delivered an insightful presentation on Solid Waste Management (SWM) and its importance in protecting public health and the environment. She explained that proper waste management involves the systematic collection, segregation, treatment, and disposal of waste materials generated through human activities. Dr. Lily emphasized the importance of segregating waste into four categories — wet waste, dry waste, sanitary waste, and special care waste — and highlighted how organic waste can be composted while recyclable materials such as plastic, paper, and metal can be reused through recycling processes.

    She further discussed the significance of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026, which focus on achieving zero waste to landfill through proper segregation and effective waste management systems. During her session, she also explained the dos and don’ts of waste management, encouraging participants to practice waste segregation, compost kitchen waste, and avoid littering, open burning, and improper disposal of hazardous materials. In addition, she introduced the concept of the 4Rs — Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle — stressing their importance in reducing pollution and promoting environmental sustainability. Concluding her address, she encouraged everyone to become responsible and environmentally conscious citizens.

    The programme commenced with an invocation led by Mhasileto Pinyo, MSW 2nd Semester, followed by the welcome address delivered by Yintoheing Ndang, MSW 2nd Semester. A special song presented by Tenukumzuk, MSW 2nd Semester, added significance and encouragement to the programme. The proceedings were chaired by Kili I Awomi, MSW 2nd Semester, while the vote of thanks was delivered by Rhasou Domeh, MSW 2nd Semester. The programme concluded with a photo session.

    The programme was attended by the Principal, faculty members, students, and participants from various departments. The awareness session served as an important platform to sensitize participants on environmental responsibility and the importance of sustainable waste management practices.

    https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/neissr-holds-awareness-programme-on-solid-waste-management

    https://www.morungexpress.com/neissr-stresses-sustainable-waste-management

  • NEISSR Farewell 2026: Jonas Yanthan calls for True Progress

    In a solemn and memorable gathering marked by reflection, gratitude, and forward-looking commitment, North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR) hosted its Farewell Programme on 2nd May 2026 at BAM Hall, NEISSR. Organized under the theme “Rewind and Relive,” the event marked a significant institutional milestone, celebrating the academic journey, professional formation, and social commitment of the outgoing BSW and MSW students, while reaffirming the institute’s commitment to nurturing competent and socially responsible change-makers.The event was graced by the presence of the Chief Guest, Mr. Jonas Yanthan, President of the Catholic Association of Nagaland (CAN).

    Dr. Fr. C.P. Anto, Principal, in his address inspired the graduating students by urging them to go confidently in the direction of their dreams and to live meaningful lives rooted in purpose and service. He reflected on their transformative journey at NEISSR, noting that they now leave with confidence, clarity, and a strong sense of social responsibility. Addressing the BSW students, he encouraged them to remain empathetic and closely connected to the communities they serve. He called upon the MSW graduates to assume leadership roles, advocate for justice, and work towards sustainable social change. Emphasizing that education is both a strength and a responsibility, he urged all graduates to become voices for the voiceless and to contribute towards building a more compassionate and just society.

    The Chief Guest, Mr. Jonas Yanthan, in his address emphasized that true development is not merely an economic outcome but a process of internal human transformation. He introduced the concept of the “integral man,” highlighting qualities such as self-reliance, ethical integrity, and communal responsibility as essential for sustainable development.

    He critically examined the over-reliance on financial resources, stating that dependence on external funding often perpetuates cycles of dependency and inequality. He underscored that genuine development emerges from cultural strength, disciplined effort, and effective utilization of local resources. Furthermore, he asserted that development cannot be externally imposed but must evolve from context-specific social structures, education, and transformation of mindsets.

    A significant portion of his address focused on the failure of development projects, attributing such shortcomings to inadequate groundwork, particularly the neglect of pre-technical social structuring. He stressed the importance of prior engagement through seminars, community interaction, and contextual analysis before implementation. He concluded by urging social work professionals to prioritize human dynamics, social realities, and internal community processes over purely technical or financial interventions.

    Outgoing speeches were delivered by Mr. Th. Jacob Khongsai (MSW IV Semester) and Ms. BovitoliZhimo (BSW IV Semester), who reflected on their academic journey, fieldwork experiences, and expressed gratitude to the institution.

    The programme was moderated by Mr. Lenpisangmiu (MSW II Semester) and Ms. Lijingla (BSW IV Semester). The invocation prayer was led by Mr. MhasiletoPhinyo (MSW II Semester), followed by a welcome address delivered by Ms. Atheli G. Awomi (MSW II Semester). A special musical presentation by BSW Second Semester students added cultural vibrancy to the programme. The event concluded with a vote of thanks delivered by Ms. Melda (BSW IV Semester).

    The programme concluded on a note of gratitude, reflection, and renewed commitment to the values of service, peace, and social transformation upheld by NEISSR.

    https://www.morungexpress.com/development-cannot-be-imported-can-prez

  • FROM ROTE TO SKILLS, NEISSR LEADS THE WAY: NU INSPECTION TEAM

    North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR), Chümoukedima organized a formal programme at BAM Hall during the official inspection visit of a team from Nagaland University, Lumami. The inspection team comprised Prof. Temjensosang of the Department of Sociology and Dr. Arjun Das of the Department of Mass Communication. The programme highlighted the institute’s academic achievements, vision, and future expansion plans.

    The programme commenced with a welcome address by Dr. Fr. C.P. Anto, Principal of NEISSR, who presented the institute as a pioneering centre for peacebuilding and social work education since 2014. He emphasized NEISSR’s unique integration of academic excellence with community engagement, research, and skill development, and highlighted the consistent success of its students in national-level examinations. Outlining a forward-looking vision aligned with the National Education Policy 2020, he announced the expansion of the BSW programme into a four-year course and the introduction of a Bachelor’s degree in Journalism and Mass Communication, reaffirming the institute’s commitment to nurturing skilled, ethical, and socially responsible professionals.

    Prof. Temjensosang appreciated NEISSR’s role in promoting peace and shaping young minds. Emphasizing the transformative vision of the National Education Policy 2020, he highlighted the shift from rote learning to skill-oriented education—an approach that NEISSR had already embraced well before the policy’s introduction. He called for greater youth empowerment through the discovery and nurturing of talents, stressing that individuals are shaped by values and influences rather than their origins. He encouraged students to engage in self-reflection and continuous skill development as the foundation for progress and holistic growth.

    Dr. Arjun Das expressed gratitude for the warm hospitality extended during the visit. He remarked that while inspections assess infrastructure and systems, it is the vision and mindset of an institution that truly determines its success. He observed that NEISSR’s clarity of purpose and commitment places it ahead of many institutions. Speaking on the proposed Journalism and Mass Communication programme, he highlighted the urgent need for ethical and responsible media professionals in an era marked by misinformation and declining trust in mainstream media. He encouraged students to pursue the course with purpose and emphasized its interdisciplinary scope, opening pathways across diverse fields including economics, sociology, history, politics, and management.

    The programme began with an invocation by Rev. Fr. Chacko Karinthayil, Governing Board Member of NEISSR, invoking God’s blessings. A presentation highlighting NEISSR’s achievements and activities was delivered by Ms. Nlumpeule, Assistant Professor, who also chaired the programme. Adding cultural vibrancy to the occasion, Ms. Bilu Lohe and Ms. Vishili Sakhamo presented a Chokri folk song, celebrating the rich heritage of Naga culture.

    The programme concluded with a vote of thanks delivered by Rev. Fr. G.L. Khing, Vice Principal and Administrator, expressing gratitude to the inspection team and all participants. The session ended with the National Anthem followed by a group photo session.

    The successful conduct of the programme alongside the inspection visit marks a significant step forward for NEISSR in its journey toward academic excellence, innovation, and societal impact.

    https://morungexpress.com/neissr-hosts-nagaland-university-inspection-team-outlines-expansion-plans

  • NEISSR HONOURS PROF. A. LANUNUNGASANG AO THROUGH MEMORIAL LECTURE 2026

    In a solemn yet inspiring gathering that paid tribute to the life, vision, and enduring intellectual legacy of one of Nagaland’s most distinguished academicians, the North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR), Peace Centre, 7th Mile, successfully organized the Prof. A. LanunungsangAo Memorial Lecture 2026 on 13th April 2026 at 10:00 AM. The event brought together academicians, students, dignitaries, and members of the family of Late Prof. A. LanunungsangAo to honour his remarkable contributions to education, scholarship, peace-building, and social transformation.

    The programme was graced by Shri Apok Jamir, Working President of the Nagaland Pradesh Congress Committee and former Member of Parliament, MLA, and Minister, Government of Nagaland, who served as the Special Guest and delivered the Memorial Lecture.

    The programme commenced with an invocation by Rev. Fr. G. L. Khing, Vice-Principal, NEISSR, invoking blessings for the success of the event. The welcome address was delivered by Dr. Fr. C. P. Anto, Principal, who warmly welcomed the Chief Guest, members of the family, faculty, students, and distinguished guests, and paid rich tribute to A. LanunungsangAo, describing him as a visionary teacher, scholar, and institution builder whose legacy continues to guide NEISSR. He highlighted Prof. Ao’s lifelong dedication to teaching, research, academic writing, mentorship, and his pivotal role in the establishment and growth of the institution.

    Delivering the Memorial Lecture, Shri Apok Jamir described Late Prof. Ao as a “teacher of conscience” who inspired generations to think critically and act responsibly. He spoke about the growing challenge of fear psychosis in society and urged the youth to overcome fear and uphold truth with courage and integrity, emphasizing that democracy thrives only when freedom of expression is protected.

    He further reflected on Prof. Ao’s intellectual ideas, highlighting the “bullet and currency” challenges, where violence destroys life while overdependence on money weakens dignity and self-reliance. Stressing the importance of economic sovereignty alongside political sovereignty, he called for responsible citizenship rooted in values.

    He elaborated on the concept of active peace, emphasizing that peace must go beyond the absence of conflict and be built through understanding, reconciliation, and collective social responsibility. He also urged students to apply their education to address pressing issues such as water scarcity in Kohima, unemployment in Dimapur, and environmental degradation in Nagaland.

    Encouraging the youth, he emphasized the importance of balancing rooted identity with global knowledge and stated that “excellence is the highest form of patriotism.” He concluded by reminding students that education is a transformative tool and urged them to carry forward Prof. Ao’s legacy through meaningful action.

    A heartfelt message on behalf of the family was delivered by Mr. Merenkokba M. Walling, who reflected on Prof. Ao’s life as a loving father and grandfather and highlighted his enduring values of peace, research, and dialogue.

    The programme was chaired by Dr. Lily Sangpuii, Assistant Professor, NEISSR. The biography of Prof. Ao was presented by Mr. VizosuKikhi, Assistant Professor, NEISSR. The vote of thanks was delivered by Rev. Fr. G. L. Khing, Vice Principal.

    The programme concluded with a renewed commitment from all participants to uphold the legacy of Late Prof. A. LanunungsangAo by fostering education, peace-building, and social transformation.

    https://morungexpress.com/neissr-honours-prof-lanunungsang-ao-at-memorial-lecture-2026

  • NEISSR Trainees Equipped with Disaster Preparedness Skills

    North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR) successfully conducted a Capacity Building and Training Program on Disaster Preparedness on 7th April 2026 at BAM Hall. The programme was collaboratively organized in partnership with the Home Guards, Civil Defence and State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), and the Community Development Forum, NEISSR, with the objective of strengthening awareness and practical response skills among participants.

    The programme began with an evacuation exercise simulating an earthquake scenario, enabling participants to practice safe and timely evacuation procedures in a controlled environment.

    The technical sessions formed the core of the programme. Mr. Kangkang, Sub-Inspector, highlighted the existing gap in disaster awareness and noted that lack of preparedness often leads to panic during emergencies. He informed that around 360 volunteers have been trained so far and emphasized that disaster preparedness is essential not only during crises but also in everyday life. Mr. Angukato, Assistant Sub-Inspector, stressed the importance of mock drills and maintaining calmness during disasters, noting that many casualties occur due to panic rather than the disaster itself. He also highlighted the importance of first aid and CPR in saving lives during emergencies.

    The programme included practical, skill-based sessions on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Medical Response (EMR), focusing on timely intervention, stabilization of victims, and prevention of further injury. A demonstration on bandaging techniques was conducted by Mr. Lanutemsu H/LNK, covering various methods such as jaw, chest, arm slings, neck, capeline, finger, and spiral bandages.

    A session on fire safety and management was also conducted, explaining the fire triangle – fuel, heat, and oxygen—and different types of fire extinguishers, including water, foam, dry chemical powder (DCP), and CO₂. Participants were trained in the PASS technique (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) and engaged in a live demonstration on the use of fire extinguishers.

    The programme commenced with formal moderation by Ms. Kili Awomi. Earlier, the programme began with a welcome address delivered by Rev. Fr. G.L. Khing, Vice Principal and Administrator of NEISSR, who briefly emphasized the importance of disaster preparedness and highlighting the institute’s focus on integrating theoretical learning with practical-based experience.

    The programme concluded with a vote of thanks delivered by Dr. Toli H. Kiba, Head of Department, Social Work, NEISSR, who expressed gratitude to all collaborating agency, resource persons, and participants for their active involvement and contribution to the success of the training programme.

    https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/neissr-equips-trainees-with-disaster-preparedness-skills

  • Free Oral Screening Camp Strengthens the Fight Against Tobacco

    In a significant step towards promoting preventive healthcare and raising awareness on tobacco-related risks, a Free Oral Health Screening Camp was successfully conducted on 28th March 2026 at North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR). The initiative brought together students, health professionals, and other stakeholders, reflecting a collective commitment to building a healthier and tobacco-free society.

    The programme was organized by Community Development (CD) Specialization, NEISSR in collaboration with the District Tobacco Control Cell (DTCC), Dimapur. It aimed not only to create awareness on the harmful effects of tobacco but also to provide practical exposure through oral health screening and professional consultation.

    Ms. Imkumla Aier, Psychologist, DTCC Dimapur, served as the Resource Person. In her address, she highlighted tobacco consumption as a major public health concern, noting that globally one person dies every six seconds due to tobacco-related diseases, while in India approximately 3,500 deaths occur daily. She emphasized that tobacco is a leading cause of oral cancer, contributing to nearly 85% of head and neck cancer cases, and expressed concern over the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use, particularly among youth.

    She further elaborated on the wide-ranging health impacts of tobacco, including its link to cancers of the esophagus and stomach, cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and stroke, and its harmful effects on oral health. The risks associated with first-hand, second-hand, and third-hand smoke were also underscored, especially their impact on children and non-smokers. Additionally, she highlighted its adverse effects on reproductive health and its association with conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and weakened bones.

    Addressing the socio-economic dimension, she pointed out that tobacco use often leads to financial strain on families. She also discussed emerging challenges in tobacco control, including attractive packaging, flavoured products, and indirect promotion targeting young people, despite regulatory measures.

    The session included an overview of the legal framework under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, and the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), which focus on awareness generation and enforcement. Practical strategies for quitting tobacco were shared, including setting a quit date, avoiding triggers, seeking professional support, and using nicotine replacement therapies. Information on tobacco cessation services and the National Tobacco Quitline (1800-112-356) was also provided.

    The programme commenced with a welcome address by Dr. Toli H. Kiba, Head of the Department of Social Work, NEISSR. The session was moderated by Ms. Atheli Hollohon, and the vote of thanks was delivered by Mr. Lumgaiguong.

    Following the awareness session, a free oral health screening camp was conducted by dental surgeons from District Hospital Dimapur—Dr. Japhet, Dr. Sophia, and Dr. Lele—who provided screening and expert guidance to participants. Ms. Medo, Social Worker at DTCC Dimapur, also contributed to the programme.

    The initiative successfully combined awareness with action, encouraging informed choices and reinforcing the importance of preventive healthcare and a tobacco-free lifestyle.

    https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/oral-health-screening-camp-conducted-at-neissr-in-chmoukedima

  • ASSPIRE teachers workshop held in Chumoukedima

    The 101st ASSPIRE teachers training workshop on ‘Advancing Skills for Professional and Peaceful Instruction with Reflective Education’ commenced at the Peace Centre, 7th Mile, Chumoukedima on March 20. The three-day programme was organized by Peace Channel in collaboration with ASHA Foundation, CEDOK, and the North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR).
    A press release by Peace channel and NEISSR Desk Chumukedima, stated that the workshop brought together 140 participants from 42 schools, focusing on strengthening professional competencies, fostering reflective practices, and promoting peaceful, inclusive learning environments. It focused on emphasized communication, classroom management, self-awareness, student engagement, and value-based education.
    In his address, chief guest, district education officer of Chumoukedima, John Lotha, emphasized the importance of peacebuilding, leadership, and adaptability in today’s educational landscape. He called upon teachers to cultivate self-awareness, mutual respect, and a spirit of continuous learning, describing them as the backbone of the education system and key agents in shaping a responsible and harmonious society.
    The programme also acknowledged the presence of founder and director of ASHA Foundation, Dr. Glory Alexander, and member of the governing board, Rev. Fr. Mathew Thuniambral.
    Sessions are being facilitated by resource persons including Hazel Leena George, Bethesa Jacob, Prof. Biju Sebastian, Maya Singh, and Jose V Abraham. It was the 77th training programme for the ASHA.
    Highlighting Peace Channel’s renewed outreach, Rev. Dr. Anto announced an initiative to send trained educators to schools for 30 to 45 days to support teachers and strengthen school systems through life skills education, peace education, and career guidance.
    He also noted that NEISSR, as a pioneering institution in the region, continues to contribute to professional education in social work and journalism while developing innovative models for peacebuilding.
    Peace Channel and NEISSR, together with ASHA Foundation, are also planning to host similar programmes in other districts, expanding the reach of reflective and peace-oriented education initiatives.
    The first day featured interactive sessions on self-awareness, communication skills, adolescence, classroom management, and inclusive education.
    The welcome address was delivered by NEISSR founder-principal and founder-director of Peace Channel, Rev. Dr. Fr. C. P. Anto.

  • District-Level Viksit Bharat Youth Parliament

    The District-Level Viksit Bharat Youth Parliament, held under Phase I of the Viksit Bharat Yuva Connect Programme, was organised at Lorin Hall, Tetso College, Sovima, on March 3.

    The programme was organised by Tetso College in collaboration with the National Service Scheme and MY Bharat under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

    Dr Hewasa L Khing, Principal of Tetso College, delivered the welcome address, while the event was graced by District Youth Officer MY Bharat K. Manikanta and Chairman of the Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation, Kvulo Lorin.

    Held on the theme “50 Years of Emergency: Lessons for Indian Democracy,” the competition saw participation from institutions across Chümoukedima district. 

    Khrieketouzo Peter Sekhose of NIT Nagaland secured first place, followed by Mholomi of Tetso College and Kereineilie John of ICFAI University Nagaland. Neiketouno Thapo of North Eastern Institute of Social Sciences and Research and Kiumuhean H of Tetso College jointly secured fourth place.

    All five winners will represent Chümoukedima district at the state-level Youth Parliament competition.

    Participants from NEISSR:

    1. Ms. Neiketouno Thapo BSW
    2. Mr. Nikaho Yeptho BSW
    3. Mr. Mhasileto Phinyo MSW
    4. Ms. Melda BSW
  • NEISSR Commemorates World Peace and Understanding Day 2026

    The North East Institute of Social Sciences and Research (NEISSR) commemorated World Peace and Understanding Day on 23rd February 2026 under the theme “Embracing Diversity, Cultivating Peace for All.” The program sought to foster awareness on the significance of unity, empathy, and global cooperation in nurturing a peaceful and inclusive society.

    World Peace and Understanding Day is historically linked to Rotary International and marks its first meeting held on 23rd February 1905 by founder Paul Harris. The day highlights the enduring values of friendship, service, and mutual understanding as foundations for sustainable peace.

    As part of the programme, a documentary was screened to deepen the understanding of global harmony and the shared responsibility of individuals in promoting peace. The screening was followed by reflective engagement, encouraging students to critically examine the role of social work in addressing conflict, inequality, and social divisions within communities.

    Mr. Barnic Gangmei, Assistant Professor NEISSR, delivered a thought provoking message emphasizing that peace begins with understanding. He emphasized the importance of empathetic listening, respect for diversity, and constructive dialogue in preventing conflict. He further encouraged students to act as ambassadors of peace by practicing inclusion, cooperation, and responsible citizenship in their daily interactions.

    The program concluded with a collective affirmation by students and faculty to embrace diversity, strengthen unity, and contribute actively towards building a just, compassionate, and harmonious society.